{"id":9498,"date":"2025-06-16T09:40:25","date_gmt":"2025-06-16T02:40:25","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/?p=9498"},"modified":"2025-08-25T14:52:38","modified_gmt":"2025-08-25T07:52:38","slug":"%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%b3%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a7-%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b5%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%87%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%a2%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%b2","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a1-bcg\/%e0%b8%97%e0%b8%b3%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a7-%e0%b9%80%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b5%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%82%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%87%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%a2%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%b2\/","title":{"rendered":"How is rice cultivation related to global warming, and in which direction must Thai agriculture adapt to reduce methane emissions?"},"content":{"rendered":"<div data-elementor-type=\"wp-post\" data-elementor-id=\"9498\" class=\"elementor elementor-9498\" data-elementor-post-type=\"post\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<section class=\"elementor-section elementor-top-section elementor-element elementor-element-54ff5bf8 elementor-section-boxed elementor-section-height-default elementor-section-height-default\" data-id=\"54ff5bf8\" data-element_type=\"section\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-container elementor-column-gap-default\">\n\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-column elementor-col-100 elementor-top-column elementor-element elementor-element-55c4962\" data-id=\"55c4962\" data-element_type=\"column\">\n\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-wrap elementor-element-populated\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-element elementor-element-3d8076db elementor-widget elementor-widget-text-editor\" data-id=\"3d8076db\" data-element_type=\"widget\" data-widget_type=\"text-editor.default\">\n\t\t\t\t<div class=\"elementor-widget-container\">\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">As we know, Thailand is one of the world\u2019s largest rice exporters. But did you know that behind this agricultural economic success lies a growing global concern: methane (CH\u2084) emissions from rice paddies? According to the National Innovation Agency, traditional rice cultivation <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">especially continuously flooded paddies\u2014keeps fields submerged throughout the rice growth period. Under oxygen-deprived soil conditions, certain microorganisms produce methane (CH\u2084),<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4<\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">a greenhouse gas 28 times more potent than carbon dioxide. Research indicates that rice cultivation contributes up to 12% of global methane emissions, highlighting why agriculture directly impacts global warming. This article will explore these questions and provide answers along the way.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><h1 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Get to know the key<span style=\"color: #33cccc;\">greenhouse gases <\/span><\/b><b>in the Earth\u2019s atmosphere, which include:<\/b><\/h1><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Carbon dioxide (CO\u2082)\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Methane (CH\u2084)\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nitrous oxide (N\u2082O)\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Perfluorocarbons (PFCs)\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sulfur hexafluoride (SF\u2086)<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Nitrogen trifluoride (NF\u2083) <\/span><\/li><\/ul><p style=\"text-align: center;\"><span style=\"color: #0000ff;\"><a style=\"color: #0000ff;\" href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e01-\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d-\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Read more: What are greenhouse gases? Impacts of<\/span><b>(greenhouse gases<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">)<\/span><\/a><\/span><\/p><h2><b>Understanding why \u201crice paddies\u201d emit methane.<\/b><\/h2><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Traditional rice cultivation in Thailand, which commonly uses <\/span><b>(flooded rice paddies)<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> ideal for certain microorganisms that decompose organic matter in the soil, such as rice straw or manure, releasing methane gas. This is especially pronounced after plowing in the rice stubble and continuously <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">adding water to the fields. Microorganisms called <\/span><b>Methanogens<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> break down carbon in these oxygen-free conditions, producing methane that rises into the atmosphere.<\/span><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">According to the <\/span><b>Office of Natural Resources and Environmental Policy and Planning<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> , in 2023, rice cultivation accounted for over 50% of all methane emissions from Thailand\u2019s agricultural sector, equivalent to several million tons of carbon dioxide.<\/span><\/p><h2><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00a0<\/span><b>Reasons for managing methane emissions in Thailand\u2019s agricultural sector. <\/b><\/h2><p><img fetchpriority=\"high\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9499\" src=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165838.580-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165838.580-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165838.580-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165838.580-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165838.580-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165838.580-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165838.580.png 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/p><ul><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Thailand\u2019s agricultural sector emits a significant amount of greenhouse gases,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> accounting for 16% of the country\u2019s total emissions. Of this, 51% comes from rice cultivation, and traditional flooded rice paddies contribute up to 80% of the methane emissions. Therefore, it is urgent to adjust production practices to reduce greenhouse gas emissions.\u00a0<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Thailand has set targets to reduce greenhouse gas emissions<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> under the Paris Agreement, including reducing methane emissions from the agricultural sector.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Global market demands are changing,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> with many trading partners increasingly prioritizing sustainable, low-emission food production, particularly in the European Union and the United States, which could become future trade requirements.<\/span><\/li><li style=\"font-weight: 400;\" aria-level=\"1\"><b>Future production costs,<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> if emissions are not controlled, may lead to carbon taxes or trade barriers imposed by other countries.<\/span><\/li><\/ul><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Challenges in reducing methane emissions from rice paddies: a crucial step toward a more sustainable and environmentally friendly Thai agricultural sector. <\/b><\/h2><h3><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">How can methane emissions from rice paddies be reduced?\u00a0<\/span><\/h3><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9500\" src=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165826.602-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165826.602-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165826.602-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165826.602-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165826.602-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165826.602-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T165826.602.png 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Currently, researchers, government agencies, and Thai farmers are collaborating on several approaches to reduce methane emissions in rice cultivation without affecting yields, such as:<\/span><\/p><p><b>1.Alternate Wetting and Drying (AWD) rice cultivation.<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">This method involves managing water by periodically flooding the fields instead of keeping them continuously submerged. It increases oxygen levels in the soil, reduces anaerobic conditions, and lowers methane production by microorganisms. This approach can reduce methane emissions by up to 30% while also conserving water.<\/span><\/p><p><b>2. Proper use of rice straw.<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Plowing fresh rice straw into the soil immediately, without allowing it to dry, can increase methane production by microorganisms. The recommended approach is to let the straw dry first or use it for composting or making bio-fermented liquid, which also helps enrich the soil with organic matter.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>3.Appropriate fertilizer management.<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Manure and certain organic materials serve as food for methane-producing microorganisms. Using fertilizers in appropriate amounts and combining them with chemical fertilizers can help control greenhouse gas emissions, allow rice plants to utilize nutrients efficiently, and reduce nutrient losses into the atmosphere.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><b>4.Promote organic rice farming.<\/b><\/p><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Some farmers are shifting to organic rice farming, which focuses on restoring soil ecosystems, reducing chemical use, and implementing systematic water management, resulting in long-term reductions in methane emissions.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><blockquote><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Expert insights from FDI on new opportunities in the global market. <\/b><\/h2><h2 style=\"text-align: center;\"><b>Trends in the low-carbon rice market.<\/b><\/h2><\/blockquote><p><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Current trends in international trade are clearly seen in the European Union (EU), which emphasizes reducing greenhouse gas emissions through measures like the Carbon Border Adjustment Mechanism (CBAM), a carbon tax applied before goods cross borders. One opportunity for Thailand is low-carbon rice, which focuses on reducing methane emissions and being environmentally friendly. Rice-exporting countries are beginning to adapt and improve their practices to meet current demands.\n\nLow-carbon rice is not only a better choice for the environment but also a new economic opportunity that Thailand can fully leverage. With proper support and development, Thailand has the potential to become a global leader in the low-carbon rice market, promoting long-term sustainability in both economic and environmental aspects.\u00a0<\/span><\/p><p><img decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9502\" src=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T161949.839-1024x683.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"568\" height=\"379\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T161949.839-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T161949.839-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T161949.839-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T161949.839-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T161949.839-18x12.png 18w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/06\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-SEO-2025-05-22T161949.839.png 1800w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 568px) 100vw, 568px\" \/><\/p><p><span style=\"color: #339966;\"><b>FDI Accounting &amp; Advisory, <\/b><\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"><span style=\"color: #339966;\">\u00a0as an environmental and sustainability consultant, is ready to support any business with environmental and sustainability goals aligned with ours.<\/span> environmental and sustainability goals similar to our own. We provide consulting services for business operations, organizational and product carbon footprint assessments, and carbon credit projects, under frameworks that are goal-driven and comprehensive across all dimensions. Our services aim to align with government policies as well as the organization\u2019s objectives, helping businesses transform their systems for genuine environmental, social, and sustainable impact.<\/span><\/p><p><a href=\"http:\/\/fdisustain.com\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"http:\/\/fdisustain.com noopener\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"aligncenter wp-image-9948 size-large\" src=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CTA-BCG-1024x384.png\" alt=\"\" width=\"840\" height=\"315\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CTA-BCG-1024x384.png 1024w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CTA-BCG-300x113.png 300w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CTA-BCG-768x288.png 768w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CTA-BCG-1536x576.png 1536w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CTA-BCG-18x7.png 18w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/08\/CTA-BCG.png 1920w\" 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data-layout-mode=\"grid\"><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\" data-id=\"10892\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a5%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%99-decarbonization\/\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-1.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10893\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-1.png 1800w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-1-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-1-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-1-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-1-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-1-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a\n                        class=\"eael-grid-post-link\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a5%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%99-decarbonization\/\"\n                        title=\"\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19 (Decarbonization) \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48 Net Zero \u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d ?\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\">\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19 (Decarbonization) \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 \u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e01\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2a\u0e39\u0e48 Net Zero \u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d ?<\/a><\/h2><\/header><div class=\"eael-entry-header-after\"><div class=\"eael-author-avatar\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/author\/fdi-admin1\/\"><img alt=' ' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3f38c6a5404ea325feca32bca69cdfb8300087313f2a7c5d74695f1faa389edf?s=96&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3f38c6a5404ea325feca32bca69cdfb8300087313f2a7c5d74695f1faa389edf?s=192&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-meta\"><span class=\"eael-posted-by\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/author\/fdi-admin1\/\" title=\"Posts by  \" rel=\"author\"> <\/a><\/span><span class=\"eael-posted-on\"><time datetime=\"31\/03\/2026\">31\/03\/2026<\/time><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n                        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e35 2026 \u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e04\u0e4c\u0e01\u0e23\u0e40\u0e23\u0e34\u0e48\u0e21\u0e15\u0e23\u0e30\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32...<\/p><a\n                            href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%9b%e0%b8%a5%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%99-decarbonization\/\"\n                            class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n                    <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/article><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\" data-id=\"10888\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/5r-%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b1%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%9f%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%95%e0%b8%9e%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b4\/\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-62.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10890\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-62.png 1800w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-62-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-62-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-62-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-62-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-62-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a\n                        class=\"eael-grid-post-link\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/5r-%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b1%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%9f%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%95%e0%b8%9e%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b4\/\"\n                        title=\"5R \u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e38\u0e15\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e4c \u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e22\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e22\u0e37\u0e19\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\">5R \u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e38\u0e15\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e4c \u0e41\u0e19\u0e27\u0e04\u0e34\u0e14\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e08\u0e31\u0e14\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1e\u0e22\u0e32\u0e01\u0e23\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e22\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e22\u0e37\u0e19<\/a><\/h2><\/header><div class=\"eael-entry-header-after\"><div class=\"eael-author-avatar\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/author\/fdi-admin1\/\"><img alt=' ' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3f38c6a5404ea325feca32bca69cdfb8300087313f2a7c5d74695f1faa389edf?s=96&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3f38c6a5404ea325feca32bca69cdfb8300087313f2a7c5d74695f1faa389edf?s=192&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-meta\"><span class=\"eael-posted-by\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/author\/fdi-admin1\/\" title=\"Posts by  \" rel=\"author\"> <\/a><\/span><span class=\"eael-posted-on\"><time datetime=\"30\/03\/2026\">30\/03\/2026<\/time><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n                        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><p>\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e32\u0e22\u0e1b\u0e35\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e1c\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e21\u0e32 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e14\u0e47\u0e19\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e07 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e25\u0e14\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e1f\u0e38\u0e15\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e34\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e4c...<\/p><a\n                            href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/5r-%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b1%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%81%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%a5%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%84%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a3%e0%b9%8c%e0%b8%9a%e0%b8%ad%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%9f%e0%b8%b8%e0%b8%95%e0%b8%9e%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b4\/\"\n                            class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n                    <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/article><article class=\"eael-grid-post eael-post-grid-column\" data-id=\"10854\">\n        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder\">\n            <div class=\"eael-grid-post-holder-inner\"><div class=\"eael-entry-media\"><div class=\"eael-entry-overlay fade-in\"><i class=\"\" aria-hidden=\"true\"><\/i><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/co2e-%e0%b9%83%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%87%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%94%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b4%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%87%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%a5%e0%b9%89\/\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\"><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-thumbnail\">\n                <img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1800\" height=\"1200\" src=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-53.png\" class=\"attachment-full size-full wp-image-10855\" alt=\"\" srcset=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-53.png 1800w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-53-300x200.png 300w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-53-1024x683.png 1024w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-53-768x512.png 768w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-53-1536x1024.png 1536w, https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/wp-content\/uploads\/2026\/03\/SEO-53-18x12.png 18w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 1800px) 100vw, 1800px\" \/>\n            <\/div>\n        <\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-wrapper\"><header class=\"eael-entry-header\"><h2 class=\"eael-entry-title\"><a\n                        class=\"eael-grid-post-link\"\n                        href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/co2e-%e0%b9%83%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%87%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%94%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b4%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%87%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%a5%e0%b9%89\/\"\n                        title=\"CO2e \u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 ? \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\">CO2e \u0e43\u0e19\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21 \u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 ? \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e15\u0e31\u0e27\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e27\u0e13<\/a><\/h2><\/header><div class=\"eael-entry-header-after\"><div class=\"eael-author-avatar\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/author\/fdi-admin1\/\"><img alt=' ' src='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3f38c6a5404ea325feca32bca69cdfb8300087313f2a7c5d74695f1faa389edf?s=96&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g' srcset='https:\/\/secure.gravatar.com\/avatar\/3f38c6a5404ea325feca32bca69cdfb8300087313f2a7c5d74695f1faa389edf?s=192&#038;d=mm&#038;r=g 2x' class='avatar avatar-96 photo' height='96' width='96' \/><\/a><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-meta\"><span class=\"eael-posted-by\"><a href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/author\/fdi-admin1\/\" title=\"Posts by  \" rel=\"author\"> <\/a><\/span><span class=\"eael-posted-on\"><time datetime=\"10\/03\/2026\">10\/03\/2026<\/time><\/span><\/div><\/div><div class=\"eael-entry-content\">\n                        <div class=\"eael-grid-post-excerpt\"><p>CO2e \u0e04\u0e33\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 ?...<\/p><a\n                            href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/blog\/co2e-%e0%b9%83%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%a3%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%a2%e0%b8%87%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%94%e0%b9%89%e0%b8%b2%e0%b8%99%e0%b8%aa%e0%b8%b4%e0%b9%88%e0%b8%87%e0%b9%81%e0%b8%a7%e0%b8%94%e0%b8%a5%e0%b9%89\/\"\n                            class=\"eael-post-elements-readmore-btn\"rel=\"nofollow\"target=\"_blank\">Read More<\/a><\/div>\n                    <\/div><\/div><\/div>\n        <\/div>\n    <\/article><\/div>\n            <div class=\"clearfix\"><\/div>\n        <\/div>            <div class=\"eael-load-more-button-wrap eael-force-hide\">\n                <button class=\"eael-load-more-button\" id=\"eael-load-more-btn-a851c8b\" data-widget-id=\"a851c8b\" data-widget=\"a851c8b\" data-page-id=\"9498\" data-template=\"{&quot;dir&quot;:&quot;lite&quot;,&quot;file_name&quot;:&quot;default.php&quot;,&quot;name&quot;:&quot;Post-Grid&quot;}\" data-class=\"Essential_Addons_Elementor\\Elements\\Post_Grid\" data-layout=\"grid\" data-page=\"1\" data-args=\"orderby=date&amp;order=desc&amp;ignore_sticky_posts=1&amp;post_status=publish&amp;posts_per_page=3&amp;offset=0&amp;post_type=post&amp;tax_query%5B0%5D%5Btaxonomy%5D=category&amp;tax_query%5B0%5D%5Bfield%5D=term_id&amp;tax_query%5B0%5D%5Bterms%5D%5B0%5D=44&amp;tax_query%5Brelation%5D=AND&amp;post__not_in%5B0%5D=9498\" data-max-page=\"21\">\n                    <span class=\"eael-btn-loader button__loader\"><\/span>\n                    <span class=\"eael_load_more_text\">Load More<\/span>\n                <\/button>\n            <\/div>\n            \t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t<\/section>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e23\u0e32\u0e17\u0e23\u0e32\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u0e14\u0e35\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e1b\u0e23\u0e30\u0e40\u0e17\u0e28\u0e1c\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e23\u0e32\u0e22\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e0d\u0e48\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e38\u0e14\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01 \u0e41\u0e15\u0e48\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e21\u0e48 ? \u0e40\u0e1a\u0e37\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2b\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e40\u0e23\u0e47\u0e08\u0e14\u0e49\u0e32\u0e19\u0e40\u0e28\u0e23\u0e29\u0e10\u0e01\u0e34\u0e08\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49 \u0e01\u0e25\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e41\u0e1d\u0e07\u0e14\u0e49\u0e27\u0e22\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e17\u0e49\u0e32\u0e17\u0e32\u0e22\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e01\u0e33\u0e25\u0e31\u0e07\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e23\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e43\u0e08\u0e21\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e40\u0e27\u0e17\u0e35\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01 \u0e19\u0e31\u0e48\u0e19\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19 (Methane: CH\u2084) \u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e19\u0e31\u0e01\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e19\u0e27\u0e31\u0e15\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e41\u0e2b\u0e48\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e32\u0e15\u0e34 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e49\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e43\u0e08\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e1b\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e41\u0e1a\u0e1a\u0e14\u0e31\u0e49\u0e07\u0e40\u0e14\u0e34\u0e21 \u201c\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e40\u0e09\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e30\u0e19\u0e32\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u201d \u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e19\u0e49\u0e33\u0e17\u0e48\u0e27\u0e21\u0e02\u0e31\u0e07\u0e15\u0e25\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e0a\u0e48\u0e27\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e40\u0e08\u0e23\u0e34\u0e0d\u0e40\u0e15\u0e34\u0e1a\u0e42\u0e15\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e15\u0e49\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27 \u0e40\u0e21\u0e37\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e14\u0e34\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e2a\u0e20\u0e32\u0e1e\u0e02\u0e32\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e0b\u0e34\u0e40\u0e08\u0e19 \u0e08\u0e38\u0e25\u0e34\u0e19\u0e17\u0e23\u0e35\u0e22\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e32\u0e07\u0e0a\u0e19\u0e34\u0e14\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19 (CH4) \u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e21\u0e32 \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e2b\u0e19\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e43\u0e19\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e01\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e23\u0e38\u0e19\u0e41\u0e23\u0e07\u0e01\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e14\u0e4c\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 28 \u0e40\u0e17\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e07\u0e32\u0e19\u0e27\u0e34\u0e08\u0e31\u0e22\u0e23\u0e30\u0e1a\u0e38\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32 \u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e39\u0e01\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e19\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e21\u0e35\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07 12% \u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1b\u0e25\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e01\u0e17\u0e31\u0e48\u0e27\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01 \u0e0b\u0e36\u0e48\u0e07\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e39\u0e25\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e19\u0e48\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e19\u0e43\u0e08\u0e27\u0e48\u0e32\u0e17\u0e33\u0e44\u0e21\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e17\u0e33\u0e20\u0e32\u0e04\u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e23\u0e21\u0e16\u0e36\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e34\u0e14\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e02\u0e36\u0e49\u0e19\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e48\u0e07\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e42\u0e14\u0e22\u0e15\u0e23\u0e07 \u0e43\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e19\u0e35\u0e49\u0e08\u0e30\u0e1e\u0e32\u0e04\u0e38\u0e13\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e44\u0e02\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e07\u0e2a\u0e31\u0e22 \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e2b\u0e32\u0e04\u0e33\u0e15\u0e2d\u0e1a\u0e44\u0e1b\u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e01\u0e31\u0e19\u00a0 \u0e17\u0e33\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21\u0e23\u0e39\u0e49\u0e08\u0e31\u0e01\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e01 \u0e2b\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d greenhouse gas \u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e2a\u0e33\u0e04\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e43\u0e19\u0e0a\u0e31\u0e49\u0e19\u0e1a\u0e23\u0e23\u0e22\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e28\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01 \u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e41\u0e01\u0e48 \u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e14\u0e4c (CO2)\u00a0 \u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19 (CH4)\u00a0 \u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e44\u0e19\u0e15\u0e23\u0e31\u0e2a\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e44\u0e0b\u0e14\u0e4c (N2O)\u00a0 \u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e1f\u0e25\u0e39\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e23\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19 (PFCs)\u00a0 \u0e01\u0e25\u0e38\u0e48\u0e21\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e44\u0e2e\u0e42\u0e14\u0e23\u0e1f\u0e25\u0e39\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e42\u0e23\u0e04\u0e32\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e1a\u0e2d\u0e19 (HFCs) \u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e0b\u0e31\u0e25\u0e40\u0e1f\u0e2d\u0e23\u0e4c\u0e40\u0e2e\u0e01\u0e0b\u0e30\u0e1f\u0e25\u0e39\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e23\u0e14\u0e4c (SF6) \u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e44\u0e19\u0e42\u0e15\u0e23\u0e40\u0e08\u0e19\u0e44\u0e15\u0e23\u0e1f\u0e25\u0e39\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e44\u0e23\u0e14\u0e4c (NF3) \u0e2d\u0e48\u0e32\u0e19\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d : \u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e01\u0e04\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e2d\u0e30\u0e44\u0e23 ? \u0e1c\u0e25\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e17\u0e1a\u0e08\u0e32\u0e01\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e40\u0e23\u0e37\u0e2d\u0e19\u0e01\u0e23\u0e30\u0e08\u0e01 [&hellip;]<\/p>","protected":false},"author":8,"featured_media":9501,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"inline_featured_image":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,42,44],"tags":[71,72,73],"class_list":["post-9498","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-blog","category--bcg","category-44","tag-71","tag-72","tag-73"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.0 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32 green house gas : \u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e14\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u0e25\u0e14\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e25\u0e14 greenhouse gas \u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 \u0e1e\u0e23\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\u0e41\u0e02\u0e48\u0e07\u0e02\u0e31\u0e19\u0e43\u0e19\u0e15\u0e25\u0e32\u0e14\u0e42\u0e25\u0e01\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e22\u0e31\u0e48\u0e07\u0e22\u0e37\u0e19 \u0e41\u0e25\u0e30\u0e01\u0e25\u0e22\u0e38\u0e17\u0e18\u0e4c\u0e1e\u0e31\u0e12\u0e19\u0e32\u0e01\u0e32\u0e23\u0e1c\u0e25\u0e34\u0e15\u0e17\u0e35\u0e48\u0e40\u0e1b\u0e47\u0e19\u0e21\u0e34\u0e15\u0e23\u0e15\u0e48\u0e2d\u0e2a\u0e34\u0e48\u0e07\u0e41\u0e27\u0e14\u0e25\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e21\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/fdi.co.th\/en\/\u0e1a\u0e17\u0e04\u0e27\u0e32\u0e21-bcg\/\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27-\u0e40\u0e01\u0e35\u0e48\u0e22\u0e27\u0e02\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"\u0e17\u0e33\u0e19\u0e32\u0e02\u0e49\u0e32\u0e27\u0e01\u0e31\u0e1a\u0e1b\u0e31\u0e0d\u0e2b\u0e32 green house gas : \u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22\u0e08\u0e30\u0e25\u0e14\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19\u0e44\u0e14\u0e49\u0e2d\u0e22\u0e48\u0e32\u0e07\u0e44\u0e23\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"\u0e25\u0e14\u0e01\u0e4a\u0e32\u0e0b\u0e21\u0e35\u0e40\u0e17\u0e19 \u0e25\u0e14 greenhouse gas \u0e42\u0e2d\u0e01\u0e32\u0e2a\u0e43\u0e2b\u0e21\u0e48\u0e02\u0e2d\u0e07\u0e40\u0e01\u0e29\u0e15\u0e23\u0e01\u0e23\u0e44\u0e17\u0e22 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