"Keep an eye on"Climate Tech” trends that help inGreenhouse gas reduction Industrial sectorand the agricultural sector

As we all know, global warming has become an urgent issue that affects the environment, the economy, and societies around the world. The main cause is the accumulation of greenhouse gases in the atmosphere, which increases heat in the Earth’s system and leads to severe climate change. The issue of global climate change has become a major concern that requires global cooperation. Promoting the use of climate-control technologies, or Climate Tech, plays an essential role in addressing climate change. These technologies and innovations help manage greenhouse gas emissions, reduce carbon output, decrease pollution, and support the global effort toward achieving the goal of net-zero greenhouse gas emissions (Net Zero), in line with Thailand’s national target. 

From an interesting research study by McKinsey regarding “Climate Tech,” which plays a role in controlling and mitigating“Climate-focused technology is an innovation that enables the control of greenhouse gas emissions, helping to reduce pollution and lower greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector.” “It is estimated that with full development, these technologies could help reduce emissions by approximately 60% to maintain climate stability by 2050. Five categories of Climate Tech have the potential to attract over USD 2 trillion in annual investment by 2025 and reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 40% by 2050. These include:”

1. Electrification
2. Agriculture
3. Power grid
4. Hydrogen
5. Carbon capture

The topic of Climate Tech that has been developed and changed is an interesting topic to follow in this article. FDI We will explore five innovative technologies that play a crucial role in reducing greenhouse gas emissions in the industrial sector, as well as the obstacles businesses may face when adopting these technologies for expansion. Discover how each technology stands out and what makes it valuable in the journey toward sustainability in this article. 

Here are 5 interesting trends in reducing global warming and lowering greenhouse gas emissions. 

1. Transitioning energy use to electrification 

If all existing energy usage were to be immediately converted into electricity, it would be impossible to achieve. However, the transition can begin by gradually shifting the energy sources used in buildings, industrial machinery, and vehicles that currently rely on fossil fuels toward electricity or alternative clean energy. Examples include switching to EV battery–powered vehicles, adopting low-carbon building systems, or converting industrial furnaces to primarily use electricity instead of fossil fuels. 

• Improving and advancing the development of electric vehicle batteries.
  Finding ways to improve EV batteries and reduce their cost to half of the current EV battery price—or lower than the present benchmark of 100 USD per kilowatt-hour. This can be achieved by enhancing internal components to increase energy density and reduce production costs. We are seeing this trend as various manufacturers begin shifting from lithium-dominant designs to developing anodes with higher silicon content. Additionally, battery technology is moving from liquid-state lithium batteries to solid-state batteries, which can store significantly more energy and offer higher safety compared to existing battery technologies. 
• Using software to manage and control battery performance.
  Battery management software helps compensate for energy shortages and shorten charging time. In addition, this software also helps extend the battery’s lifespan to better align with the vehicle’s usage patterns.
• Efficient building energy management systems.
  Energy use in buildings contributes to about 7% of global carbon emissions. Therefore, adopting electrification within buildings can help reduce carbon output. For example, using heat pumps—which generally operate like conventional air-conditioning systems—instead of traditional boilers and furnaces can significantly cut emissions. This shift could help buildings reduce global carbon emissions by up to 3 gigatons per year. Importantly, heat pumps are also more efficient, performing 2.2 to 4.5 times better than older systems. 
• Electricity use in industry
  If the cost of renewable energy and electric equipment decreases, various industries will be able to reduce operational costs and lower pollution levels by relying primarily on electricity. Controlling costs and reducing emissions would therefore become easier, more efficient, and more practical through the transition to electric-powered operations.

2. The Use of Technology in the Agricultural Sector (Green Renovation) 

Agriculture accounts for around 20% of total global greenhouse gas emissions, with methane from agricultural activities being significantly more potent than carbon dioxide in contributing to global warming. Reducing methane emissions in agriculture requires changes in farming practices, consumption behavior, raw material management, waste handling, and harvesting methods. These improvements can be achieved through Climate Technologies that farmers can easily access — technologies that help reduce costs, utilize supportive software, and upgrade agricultural infrastructure. 

Application of technology to the agricultural sector 

• Using agricultural equipment that produces zero greenhouse gas emissions.
  By replacing traditional fossil-fuel powered equipment and machinery such as tractors, harvesters, and dryers with equipment that produces lower emissions or none at all. 

• Focus on consuming plant-based protein foods that serve as alternatives to animal meat.
  In the digestive process of cows and other ruminant animals, methane emissions account for one-third to one-fourth of total global methane emissions. To reduce this amount, consumers play a crucial role by choosing alternative foods that provide nutrients equivalent to meat and dairy products, such as plant-based proteins. In addition to plant-based meat, there is another protein alternative known as cultivated meat, which is produced by growing animal cells in a controlled laboratory environment. According to research by McKinsey, the plant-based food industry could reach a market value of 25 billion USD by 2030. 
• Anaerobic manure processing
  The anaerobic conversion of animal manure into fertilizer helps reduce emissions and also produces biogas, which can be used on farms, sold as energy to the power grid, or used to produce gold hydrogen.
• Experiments have discovered precursor substances that act as “methane-inhibiting agents.” These substances can help reduce methane emissions during agricultural processes.
  Experiments have revealed that the precursor substance called Propionate has been proven to inhibit methane emissions from cattle without affecting their growth. This substance has already entered the European Union approval process, and various companies are currently developing feed additives and feed substitutes that can help suppress methane production in livestock. 

3. Building Power Grid Backup Systems to Deliver Clean Energy

To build new backup power grids capable of delivering clean energy, it is essential to accelerate the development of power networks with higher renewable energy generation capacity. This is necessary to meet the global target of limiting temperature rise to 1.5 degrees Celsius. Enhancing energy storage capabilities is also crucial to prevent interruptions in solar and wind energy supply. In addition, the distribution system must be upgraded to support both front-of-the-meter and behind-the-meter energy storage systems. The following technologies can lead the way toward achieving a zero-carbon power grid:

Create a backup power network byUse long-duration energy storage (LDES) technologies to prioritize the use of clean energy. 

• Develop advanced control systems.
  For example, solid-state transformers and advanced flexible AC current controllers can effectively control the flow of electricity in the grid.
• Use of software and communication
  Modern power grids require high-speed communication systems to maintain balance in electricity distribution across networks. Software plays a key role in stabilizing the grid when rotating reserves decrease. Diagnostic tools can monitor conditions and locate faults, while distributed energy-management software helps coordinate devices and the transfer of data within the grid. This enhances cybersecurity and improves overall operational efficiency. 
• Vehicle-to-grid integration, or the process of returning electrical energy from vehicles back to the power grid. This technology enables stored battery energy to be converted back into electrical power, using devices such as rooftop solar inverters, wall-mounted battery systems, and EV batteries.
• Using high-efficiency materials
  Advances in science have made it possible to produce materials that support clean energy use in various ways. For example, solar cells made from a combination of lead or tin and halides can absorb, store, and convert energy using a special type of crystal that offers higher efficiency than the silicon typically used in conventional solar cells.
• Building-to-grid integration
  Buildings equipped with energy storage systems can supply power back to the grid when demand is high, which can also generate additional revenue for building owners.
• Next-generation nuclear energy
  “Currently, there is increasing momentum to adopt nuclear energy as a carbon-free power source. New technologies are being developed alongside next-generation nuclear power, including sodium-cooled and molten-salt reactors, as well as helium-cooled reactors known as Gen IV. Various industries are promoting these technologies to reduce costs, while government support programs continue to grow.”

4. Expanding the use of hydrogen.

Hydrogen plays an important role as a carrier of clean energy due to its high energy density and zero-emission combustion. This enables hydrogen to help reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30% in various industries, such as aviation and transportation. The following technologies are related to the use of hydrogen:

• Low-cost hydrogen production
  The production process that can result in low-cost hydrogen is electrolysis, a process that separates water atoms by passing direct electric current through the water. The result is oxygen gas and hydrogen. If this process can be carried out using renewable electricity, the outcome is ‘green hydrogen’ that is carbon-free. The cost of the electrolysis process is expected to decrease by 60–80% within the next 10 years.
• Road transportation fuel
  Higher hydrogen energy density allows hydrogen fuel cell electric vehicles (FCEVs) to support long-distance transportation. For widespread adoption, the cost must be reduced and more refueling stations must be built.
• Producing ammonia from carbon-free hydrogen results in pure hydrogen
  Ammonia produced from carbon-free hydrogen serves as an excellent fuel for transporting larger amounts of pure hydrogen. It can also be converted back into highly safe liquid hydrogen, which can then be used as fuel for vehicles.
• The use of green hydrogen in steel production
  Because the steel industry is one of the highest greenhouse-gas-emitting industries—responsible for about 7–9% of global emissions due to the use of traditional blast furnaces—the use of green hydrogen as a reduction gas in steel furnaces will lead to carbon-free steel production.
• Used for aviation fuel
  When tourism recovers from COVID-19, it is expected that air travel will generate about 3% of global greenhouse gas emissions. A potential solution to this issue is aviation fuel produced from renewable energy such as hydrogen. However, it is still in the research, testing, and development stages, as aviation safety remains the key priority. 

5. Development of capture technology and utilization of carbon sequestration technology (CCUS)

Currently, CCUS technologies contribute to the energy production industry in several ways. However, further research and development are still required to reduce costs and enable broader deployment.

• The application of pre-combustion and post-combustion carbon capture technologies.
  Pre-combustion carbon capture technologies, such as oxygen-based fuel burners, are one method that helps capture carbon from energy sources at relatively low cost. Meanwhile, the development of post-combustion carbon capture technologies—such as solvent formulations, adsorbents, and membranes—helps reduce the cost of carbon capture.
• Use direct air capture (DAC)
  It is a technology that captures carbon dioxide directly from the air. The DAC method creates negative carbon emissions to react with the atmosphere in order to prevent the global temperature from rising by 1.5 degrees Celsius.
• Bioenergy with Carbon Capture and Storage (BECCS)
  Innovations that capture carbon dioxide from the air and store it deep underground, powered by biomass fuels derived from plants. Incorporating BECCS technology into bioenergy plants enables negative greenhouse gas emissions, as biomass absorbs carbon, and when the biomass fuel is burned, CCS technology prevents the carbon from entering the atmosphere.
• The use of biochar helps in storing carbon dioxide.
  It is a charcoal-like material produced from processing waste biomass such as plant residues. Adding biochar to soil helps improve soil quality and agricultural productivity, and can also store nearly 2 gigatons of carbon dioxide per year by 2050.
• Carbon-sequestering concrete
  The components of concrete roads—which include cement and sand or crushed stone—emit large amounts of greenhouse gases. Therefore, technologies have been developed to incorporate carbon dioxide into cement in order to reduce carbon emissions and increase the strength of the cement. This process captures carbon from waste materials generated by products such as ash, steel slag, and previously manufactured cement.

Data source: Research  McKinsey

From interesting research data on the subjectTrend Climate Tech inReducing greenhouse gases in the industrial and agricultural sectors is essential for environmental sustainability and for improving the quality of life in Thai society and the global community. At present, various industries have begun adjusting their business practices to reduce carbon emissions, with technology playing a key role in driving these improvements. 

In the next article FDI Will take you to follow Case Success Through the consulting services we have provided to various companies across multiple industries in preparing carbon footprints for products and organizations, many have successfully obtained carbon credit labels certified by the Thailand Greenhouse Gas Management Organization (Public Organization), or TGO. This has strengthened trust with business partners, created new business opportunities, and—most importantly—delivered long-term value by promoting environmentally and socially sustainable business practices.

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